“Creating a backpiece is an extensive and deeply personal journey for both the client and myself,” interview with tattoo artist Francesco Ferrara

Known for his bold and expansive backpieces, we sat down to hear 29-year-old Francesco Ferrara’s story. Italian Francesco currently lives in California in the USA and is a resident artist at Gold Rush Tattoo (@Goldrushtattoo) in Costa Mesa.


I would like to take this opportunity to introduce myself to the readers of Things & Ink and express my gratitude for this wonderful opportunity.

My journey into the world of tattooing began at a very young age. Before embarking on my career as a tattoo artist, I was first a client. At the age of 15, I received my first tattoo — a Japanese sleeve on my left arm. At the time, I had little knowledge about tattoos, but I was instantly captivated by the art form.

By the age of 16, I attempted my first tattoo on a friend in my garage using a machine that another friend had purchased. In those early years, I did not view tattooing with the same perspective I have today. However, I am deeply grateful to my younger self for taking that first step, as tattooing ultimately gave my life purpose and direction.

I also remain deeply grateful to the individuals who supported me at the start of my career— those who entrusted me with their skin when I was just 16. Many of them are still close friends, while others have naturally drifted from my life over time.

When I first entered the tattoo industry, I was young and unfamiliar with both the craft and the inner workings of a tattoo studio. My apprenticeship lasted over a year, during which my primary focus was observing, absorbing and understanding the daily operations of a professional studio. Throughout this time, I refrained from tattooing, aside from a few experimental pieces on close friends, for which I never accepted payment.

I firmly believe that a strong apprenticeship is the foundation of a skilled tattoo artist. With over a decade of experience, I can quickly discern whether an artist has undergone a proper apprenticeship or is self-taught – the difference is substantial and unmistakable.

One of the most memorable moments of my career was my first guest spot in London at Black Garden Tattoo. At just 21 years old, I didn’t speak a word of English, but I was eager to tattoo as many people as possible. That experience profoundly reinforced my passion for tattooing and the incredible opportunities it has provided for my personal and professional growth.


Over the years, I’ve refined my style through exposure to diverse artistic influences and collaborations with some of the most esteemed tattoo artists in the industry. Working in various locations has allowed me to learn, adapt and integrate different techniques into my craft. I like to believe that I’ve taken inspiration from each artist I have encountered and made it my own.

My tattooing style is a fusion of traditional European and American influences. I have always specialised in traditional tattooing, though my approach has evolved significantly over the years. While in Europe, I favoured thinner lines and a more muted, autumnal colour palette.

Upon moving to the US, I was heavily influenced by the American traditional scene, adopting bold lines, vibrant colours and solid shading techniques.


Personally, I have exclusively Traditional and Japanese tattoos on my body. The majority of my clientele seek large-scale projects such as backpieces, front pieces, and sleeves. Each large-scale design is custom-created in collaboration with the client, incorporating their input to ensure a meaningful and personalised outcome.

Additionally, I frequently work with flash pieces from my collection, as many clients are drawn to my artistic style rather than a specific design. However, I am always happy to create bespoke pieces upon request.

Creating a backpiece is an extensive and deeply personal journey for both the client and myself. The process typically spans approximately five sessions, each dedicated to a different stage: outlining, shading, and colouring.

When clients approach me to begin their backpiece, I always seek their input on the design. Understanding their vision and aspirations allows me to incorporate their ideas while infusing my own artistic perspective, ultimately crafting a piece that surpasses their expectations.

Many of my clients gravitate toward bold, vibrant designs, drawn to my signature style that features strong black contrasts and striking colour palettes. However, I also enjoy working in black and grey, adapting to each client’s preferences. To ensure optimal healing, I generally recommend spacing sessions three to four weeks apart.

For clients travelling from overseas, I accommodate their schedules by arranging consecutive sessions, reducing both travel expenses and logistical challenges. Each session typically lasts four to five hours, with short breaks to ensure the client’s comfort. Preparation is crucial, so I advise clients to get adequate rest, stay hydrated, and maintain a nutritious diet before their appointments.

The tattoo industry has changed significantly since I first started, but I am encouraged by the number of dedicated artists and passionate enthusiasts who continue to uphold the integrity of the craft. Many of my clients are between the ages of 18 and 25, and their appreciation for traditional and Japanese tattooing gives me hope for the future of the industry.

The tattoo scene in the US is remarkable, with an incredible community of talented artists. I deeply appreciate my clients here, as well as those in Europe, and I value the healthy competition that pushes us all to excel in our craft.

Unfortunately, there is also a great deal of misinformation surrounding tattooing, and some individuals portray a misleading or inauthentic version of the art form. I firmly believe that true artists who genuinely respect and preserve the craft will leave a lasting legacy, while those who exploit it without passion or dedication will ultimately fade away.

I consider myself fortunate to have clients who trust me and grant me creative freedom in my work. Looking ahead, one of my aspirations is to complete a full body suit on a client with either no tattoos or minimal existing work.

To the readers of Things & Ink, thank you for taking the time to read this article. I would like to offer a piece of advice to aspiring tattoo artists: Love tattooing wholeheartedly, as it will always give back to you — both the good and the bad. Work hard, as there are no shortcuts in this industry. If you lack genuine passion, then tattooing may not be the right path, as the world does not need more tattoo artists — it needs dedicated and skilled ones.

Francesco’s books are currently closed, reopening at the end of March for appointments between May and July 2026. Message him via DM on Instagram. He’s currently working on several projects that are still under wraps. His first book, Bruh Book, is out now. Make sure to follow Francesco Ferrara (@francesco__ferrara _) for more incredibly bold tattoos.

We’re always talking to amazing tattoo artists, check out our latest interviews.

“It’s essential for the design to complement both the individual’s style and the area where it will be placed,” interview with tattoo artist Circe

Tattoo artist Circe (@Circe.Tattoo) believes that tattoos are constantly evolving and that clients are at the heart of that infinite evolution. She tattoos in her private studio in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where she feels inspired by the people she’s surrounded by. Here she tells us more about her beautiful blackwork style that looks like it’s from a bygone era…

What first drew you to tattoos? And what was your journey to becoming a tattoo artist?

As a child, I was fascinated by a type of chewing gum that featured temporary tattoos, which I would eagerly stick all over my arms. Drawing has always been a passion of mine, nurtured by my parents who were woodblock artists. We often spent our weekends in their atelier, immersed in creativity.

My desire to become a tattoo artist sparked during a family trip to Mexico when I unexpectedly reconnected with my uncle, who my parents hadn’t seen in 18 years. Our conversation revealed that I had two cousins who were tattoo artists in Europe. At that time, tattooing wasn’t the mainstream phenomenon it is today.

When I went back home, I dived into research about tattooing. Earning some extra cash by creating flyers for my friends’ band gigs allowed me to buy my first tattoo machines, and I started practicing on pumpkins in my room.

Do you have a memorable moment from your past when you fell in love with tattoos?

During my early days as an apprentice at the shop, I found myself captivated by the diverse range of people I encountered, each with their own unique stories. The mix of different backgrounds, experiences, and the rich tapestry of symbols and images, drew me in completely. I realised this was the place where I wanted to spend most of my time.

Your blackwork tattoos have an almost historical quality to them, really classic and beautiful, how did you hone that style?

I spend a lot of my time digging into references that I can translate into the art of tattooing, much like the old-school tattoo artists did before the internet took over. Whenever I travel, I make it a point to visit museums as part of my journey. I also enjoy collecting art books and try to seek inspiration from various sources, drawing from both art history and the images I encounter in posters or advertisements.

How do you like to work with customers on pieces? Is it usually flash or custom work? Or a bit of both?

I often start by showing my clients my collection of flash designs, explaining that these serve as a launching pad for our creativity. From there, we can explore ways to customise or mix different ideas, or simply examine my approach to tattooing.

I particularly enjoy creating custom pieces, as I believe it’s essential for the design to complement both the individual’s style and the area where it will be placed.

Where do you currently tattoo and what’s the tattoo scene like there?

I’m currently situated in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where I have my own private studio to work independently. The tattoo scene here in Buenos Aires is vibrant and thriving.

Buenos Aires is home to some fantastic tattoo artists who are truly passionate about their craft. It’s always a pleasure to engage in discussions and enjoy painting nights with them. The clients also play an active role in this creative process, bringing along intriguing references for their tattoos, which adds to the inspiration.

How do we book in with you? Will you be doing any guest spots this coming year?

If you’d like to book a session with me, feel free to reach out via email at circe.xyz@gmail.com. Additionally, you can follow my Instagram account @Circe.Tattoo to keep up with my future guest appearances!

Do you have any thoughts on the tattoo world itself? Its current state, what has come before and any hopes for the future of tattooing?

From my point of view, tattoos are constantly evolving and will continue to do so indefinitely. I believe they will never settle into a final form because they are like living entities, continually transforming from one generation to the next. Just as history unfolds in a spiral, always repeating itself but in different ways, tattoos will follow this same pattern.

A significant aspect of tattooing revolves around the decisions made by the clients who wear them; ultimately, they are the ones who have the final say.

What’s next for you?

I’m in the process of putting together my very first flash book. This will be my inaugural edition, and I’m excited to see it come together.

Is there any tattoo you haven’t created that you’d love to do?

I have plenty of ideas, but my time is limited when it comes to bringing them to life. I remind myself to be patient and to take things one step at a time. In the future, I’d like to incorporate some colour into my tattoos, but for now, I’m enjoying working with just black and occasionally adding a bit of grey.

You’ve got to follow Circe on Instagram for more tattoos and to book yours next one!

We’re always talking to amazing tattoo artists, check out our latest interviews.

“I’m often inspired by the unique ideas that my clients bring to the table,” interview with tattoo artist Nonlee

Her career in tattooing was sparked by an encounter that changed up her thinking. Here, tattoo artist Jungyeon Kim ( known as Nonlee / @non_lee_ink ) shares her story. And how she morphed her style into the incredible ethereal tattoos she creates today at Ziho Gallery in Seoul, South Korea. Grab yourself a cuppa and settle in for the journey.

What made you fall in love with tattoos?

Before becoming a tattoo artist, I spent nine years teaching students watercolour painting and pencil drawing. One day, a student came to my art class with a unique request: he wanted to learn basic drawing skills to pursue a career in tattooing. While I had personal experience with tattoos, I’d never considered becoming a tattoo artist myself.

This encounter sparked a new interest in me. Even though I found joy in teaching and seeing my students succeed, I always yearned to create art for myself. The pandemic, despite its challenges, provided me with the opportunity to explore new avenues.

Jungyeon Kim (Nonlee)

Your background is in art and teaching, what drew you to this in the first place?

I began teaching art out of necessity. Like many art students, I needed a part-time job to support my tuition and art supplies. Having graduated from an art high school, I had a strong foundation and was able to earn a higher hourly rate. Even after graduating from university, I continued teaching because I enjoyed the interaction with students and the work was a good fit for my outgoing personality.

With your teaching experience, would you ever consider having an apprentice?

I have prior experience teaching tattooing. I currently work with tattooist Ziho at Ziho Gallery in Seoul, Korea. We occasionally hold tattoo workshops. While Ziho primarily leads these workshops, I’ve assisted him and co-taught on several occasions.

Tell us more about the studio, what’s it like?

The studio houses a diverse group of artists, and I find it both beneficial and enjoyable to collaborate with individuals who share similar styles and genres.

How long have you been tattooing for?

I began my tattooing journey in March 2021 under the mentorship of renowned tattoo artist Ziho. I wanted to maximise my artistic potential and create a style that best showcased my abilities.

We love your tattoos, can you tell us about your own tattoo collection?

I have around 17 tattoos. While I cherish them all, three hold a special place in my heart. The most recent one, which has just healed, is florals from @sian_ttt. The second one is a beautifully recreated moth tattoo done by @n.o.u.v.e.a.u. And the third one was done by @oozy_tattoo, one of the artists who inspired me to start tattooing.

Your work has a magical quality to it – ethereal and beautiful – how would you describe it?

My style is primarily based on hyperrealism but leans towards botanical illustration. The most distinctive feature of my tattoos is the use of vibrant and bold colours.

My background in fine art allows me to incorporate elements of oil painting and watercolour techniques into my tattoos, resulting in a unique style that sets me apart from traditional tattoo artists.

Have you always painted?

My undergraduate major was sculpture. However, I’ve also explored two-dimensional mediums such as painting and printmaking. While I’m currently focused on tattooing, my sculptural background has given me a strong foundation in three-dimensional form and light and shadow, which I believe enhances my tattoo designs.

Where does your inspiration come from?

Nature is my biggest source of inspiration. Everything in nature can be a subject for my tattoos. I often go bush walking, visit the beach to observe marine life, or simply explore my surroundings. I spend a lot of time photographing plants in my neighbourhood, especially during spring and summer.

How do you like to work with customers? Do you do mostly custom work or flash too?

I primarily create custom designs tailored to each individual client. I enjoy exploring new subject matter, and I’m often inspired by the unique ideas that my clients bring to the table. However, I also create flash designs, which allow me to explore my own personal interests.

What’s next for you? How would you like your work and style to progress?

I’m interested in gradually transitioning to larger-scale projects. As an artist who pays meticulous attention to detail, I am exploring ways to maintain a high level of detail while scaling up my work.

Do you ever do guest spots and how do we book in?

I announce the dates and locations of my guest spots on Instagram. I usually post this information one to two months in advance, so it’s best to follow my account for updates. In countries where there is potentially a large customer base, spots can fill up within a week.

Make sure to follow Nonlee on Instagram @non_lee_ink for more tattoos and to book yours.

We’re always talking to amazing tattoo artists, check out our latest interviews.

Upside down tattoos: Which way up should I have my tattoo?

Everyone in the tattoo world has an opinion on this. So tattoo artist and owner of “Surrey’s best tattoo studio 2023” Laura Raña (@lifeininklr) weighs in on the debate… should your tattoo face you or those around you…?

Tattooing has been around for thousands of years. There have always been traditions and ‘rules’ that needed to be followed. And one general rule is that all designs should face the centre of the body – the heart.

For example, front thigh tattoos should face inwards towards each other. And top outer arms will face forward in the same direction the body faces.

Tattoo placement wasn’t always a choice. However, tattoos can now be placed wherever you want.

As a tattoo artist for almost eight years, I’ve had multiple discussions with clients and other tattoo artists about placement – what works and what doesn’t. And it seems to be a reccurring subject that causes huge disagreement and divides so many people time and time again.

So, does it really matter which way up your tattoo is facing? Should it be for you to see or for others to enjoy?

It depends on the subject, for example to invert a face, that we are all used to seeing in the typical position (eyes above the mouth) may be perceived as grotesque. If a face is upside down it may appear unfamiliar or even “wrong” to our brains.

This is because of the exposure effect. The image projected on to the back of our eyes is upside down. Our brain decodes this image so that we perceive it the right way up.

Whether a tattoo is upside down wouldn’t matter if a tattoo is solely for its owner and not for the eyes of those around us.

I have found that those who have just one or two tattoos tend to choose very significant designs. Sometimes, the collector doesn’t want to share these with other people. The tattoo may be a reminder of a lost loved one or a nudge to keep going despite any obstacles.

These tattoos might be so personal that actually it’s no concern of others to see or even comment on. It’s very important to the client to have them facing them. It doesn’t matter if they are seen as “upside down”. It’s also fair to say that it’s the individual’s right to choose the placement for those very reasons.

Following tradition

Most tattoo collectors like to follow the traditional rules of placing their tattoo so that it faces outwards and towards other people. The rules comes from the many tattoo artists before us, their ideology of what aesthetically is pleasing and what fits the flow of the body, always facing the heart.

Because it’s the way it’s always been, a lot of artists will refuse to break tradition and place a tattoo “the wrong way”. I’ve seen arguments between artists and clients about this several times. Neither side has wanted to give in, leaving the client very angry and the artist out of pocket.

Personally, I think we should follow the “rules” with such a longstanding form of expression that goes back to the beginning of civilisation. It seems only right to place designs so people can enjoy your chosen artwork. Aesthetically, it looks more appealing. But of course, I discuss this with every client that steps inside my studio.

Times are changing

But tattooing is moving away from old school, bold thick lines and there’s a new style in vogue: fineline super dainty style. Anything is possible, and more people know exactly what they want. They’re not willing to compromise and don’t care for other people’s opinions when it comes to their chosen body art.

The current trend of patchwork tattoos allows us to bend the “rules” slightly, too. Smaller stamp-like tattoos are placed angled with mismatched positioning which adds to the stickered sleeve effect and uniqueness.

Find the right artist

Ultimately, it’s up to the client and their preferences which way up the tattoo goes. But give it some thought before you head to the studio and mention it to your artist when you book in. I always give my clients the right to choose what makes them happy and to enjoy their tattoo – whichever way up it sits.

The idea of a right and wrong way also opens up discussions – once placed, the tattoo will always have a slight distortion on the body, as we aren’t poles … we taper and twist, so placed the right or wrong way up, the tattoo will still look slightly distorted depending on what position your body is in – begging the question, so does it really matter?

Ambigram tattoo design

If in doubt…

Get an ambigram tattoo. These are designs where different words or symbols can be read from different angles. They are designed with a special kind of symmetry or mirror effect. This allows the word to remain readable even when viewed upside down. Like others, you might enjoy getting them inked for their unique and sometimes mysterious look.

What do you think? Which way is the right way up? Let us know…

Make sure to follow Laura on Instagram and read our interview with her too.

Words and tattoos by: Laura Raña

“Pixel art tattoos are a unique style that requires absolute precision and a high degree of creativity,” interview with tattoo artist Mr Pixel

He grew up playing loads of video games, so tattoo artist Mr Pixel (@mrpixel.tattooer) who’s based in Singapore, brings that nostalgia into his tattoo style. It reminds him of a simpler time, which especially resonates with us as we came of age in the digital era. Who doesn’t miss their Sega Mega Drive and their 90s childhood bedroom? But pixel tattoos are definitely having their moment in the spotlight so we caught up with the artist to find out more about how he honed his pixelated craft and how he takes inspiration and, well basically, pixelates it … yep to pixel tattoos, nope to pixelated photos…

When and why did you fall in love with tattooing?

I was always curious about tattoos since I was young – mostly because of my dad’s influence. He has a full back eagle tattoo. As a child, I was always curious and fascinated about it. I loved looking at it. It made me wonder about why and how we can have a piece of art work drawn on our skin and hidden under our clothes.

The day I did my first tattoo was the best feeling in my life, because I fell in love with it right away. Being able to express my artwork on and with clients who share and feel the same is amazing. 

Another moment was when I participated in The Lion’s Gate Singapore Tattoo Convention 2024 and competed for Best in Small colour category. I managed to execute a piece of flawless artwork for my client and I’m humbled to be awarded second place. It was fulfilling and a proud moment that keeps me motivated and I look forward to more challenges ahead.

How long have you been tattooing? How did you learn and what was it like learning? 

I started tattooing during the COVID pandemic, I did not go through a traditional apprenticeship. I learnt along the way and I’ve been fortunate to meet amazing artists who guided and shared with me. With a lot of hard work and dedication and together with the support of my sponsors and pro team such as Poseidon Tattoo, Drpickles and World Tattoo Events, I was exposed to more opportunities.

What was your first tattoo experience like?

My first tattoo was done on my thigh! It was a pixelated Pac-Man and that started my journey of pixel tattoos. It was challenging because I needed to focus on my techniques and endure the pain. 

How would you describe your work? 

Pixel art tattoos are a unique style that requires absolute precision and a high degree of creativity. Each design is meticulously crafted, often invoking a sense of nostalgia by bringing back childhood memories of early video games and 8-bit art. These tattoos are not just body art. They are a vivid reminder of a simpler time, resonating deeply with those who grew up during the dawn of the digital age.

How did you develop your style to what it is today?

I grew up playing a lot of games, I enjoy redesigning and expressing my work with a touch of digital age and a sense of nostalgia. Putting colours into my work is essential to bring out the look and feel that I want to achieve. 

What’s your favourite subject/topic to tattoo? Do you do more flash or custom work? 

I enjoy working on custom projects, redesigning any references into a pixel art tattoo, giving it a facelift of a digital look. I enjoy doing both flash and custom work.

What do you like to do in your spare time? Does this inspire your tattoos? 

I love travelling, experiencing different cultures and meeting new people. I’m humbled to be on the pro team of World Tattoo Events, which gave me the opportunity to travel around the world, competing and judging in various tattoo conventions. 

What’s it like tattooing in Singapore?

Despite being a small country in size, Singapore has a dense population with people from different races and cultures. The tattoo scene in Singapore is great! People are open and accepting with tattoos and Singapore is home to many amazing tattoo artists as well. 

Any thoughts on the tattoo world as a whole? Where it is now and anything you hope might change?

I want to continue meeting great artists, learn and share new experiences and knowledge. I want to leave a legacy behind and I am inspired to be one of the best pixel artist internationally.

I’m honored to be invited as part of the panel of judges in the recent Ancona International Tattoo Convention 2024 in Italy. I’m also invited to judge for various conventions in 2025 such as Inkdian in Goa, Art Culture Convention in Chennai and ArtisticInk Festival in Thailand. This gives me an opportunity to give back my knowledge and insights back to the tattoo industry.

What are your hopes for the future?

Over the past few years, the growth in the tattoo industry was enormous. New equipment, tattoo ink, needles, sterilisation and aftercare products made significant improvements in tattoo quality on skin. I hope to inspire artists to keep up with new knowledge and equipment and make the industry a better one!

Make sure to follow Mr Pixel on Instagram @mrpixel.tattooer for more tattoos and to book yours.

We’re always talking to amazing tattoo artists, check out our latest interviews.